Ryan, who is second in line to the presidency, said he would serve as speaker through the November elections and into early January, the end of his term.
"This is a job that does not last forever," Ryan said,
after he told the rank and file of his party that this year will be his
last as a House member.
The 48-year-old Wisconsin Republican only
assumed the House speakership in 2015. He took the role as an internal
peacemaker after a conservative revolt ousted his predecessor John
Boehner, and he never fully embraced Trump.
"You all know that I did not seek this job," Ryan told reporters.
"I
took it reluctantly, but I have given this job everything that I have,
and I have no regrets whatsoever for having accepted this
responsibility."
He said his decision to retire was driven by a
desire to spend more time with his family and not by the turmoil in the
White House.
"What I realize is if I am here for one more term my kids will only have a weekend dad. I just can't let that happen," he said.
Tributes poured in from fellow Republicans including Trump, who called him "a truly good man."
"While
he will not be seeking re-election, he will leave a legacy of
achievement that nobody can question. We are with you Paul!" the
president tweeted.
Ryan, a fiscal conservative who ran for vice
president in 2012 on Mitt Romney's ticket, gave no hint of his future
political ambitions.
- Rumors for months -
His most
important legislative achievement as speaker was passage in December of a
major tax overhaul that included steep cuts in corporate taxes.
But
he has come up short in his years-long effort to repeal and replace
Obamacare, the health care reforms passed into law under president
Barack Obama.
Rumors about Ryan's departure have swirled for
months in Washington, where earlier this year the talk of his retirement
grew so loud that the speaker publicly knocked down the reports.
But
at the time he also said that, after 20 years in Congress, he would sit
down with his wife this year to map out their future.
For his
part Ryan insisted he was confident he was "leaving this majority in
good hands with what I believe is a very bright future."
But his
departure, at a time of upheaval in the administration, only highlights
the disarray within the Republican Party as it faces a crucial election
test in just over six months.
The party, deeply fractured between
conservatives and moderates, has been described as ungovernable. And
Trump's presidency has raised questions about the role of traditional
conservatism in the Republican world.
Ryan's announcement is
certain to set off a major succession battle, but he insisted he did not
think his departure would make it harder for other Republicans to hold
their seats.
But it no doubt could have a deflating effect on Republican efforts to maintain their control of Congress.
Democrats
are fighting to flip the House, a difficult prospect in any election
year, but one which experts have described as increasingly possible.
The
number two Republican, House Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy, is a
frontrunner for the speaker's job should the party maintain its
majority, but on Wednesday he divulged little about his plans.
- 'Break free' -
With
the caucus deeply fractured -- and conservatives certain to play a
major role in deciding the next Republican leader -- an intense
competition will play out over who will become the party's policy chief
in the age of Trump.
Number three Republican Steve Scalise, a Louisiana conservative, has also reportedly signaled he has his eye on the speakership.
Chuck Schumer, the top Democrat in the US Senate, praised Ryan as "a good man who is always true to his word."
He
expressed hope that in his remaining time in Congress, Ryan would
"break free from the hard-right factions of his caucus that have kept
Congress from getting real things done," and reach across the aisle to
work with Democrats.
But there was also sniping from the Democratic side.
"With
his retirement announcement, Speaker Paul Ryan becomes the first
casualty of the 2018 midterm election," tweeted House Democrat Gerry
Connolly.
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